This can commonly occur if you have a form open and perform a Rebuild All. VS will delete all of the components before building, then the open form tries to refresh before all of the components are rebuilt, therefore it tries to refresh a form with components that don't exist.
Most of the time you only need to close all of the open forms then restart Visual Studio. If that doesn't fix it, then the next thing to try is to delete all of the \bin and \obj directories.
I find the best way to keep from choking up Visual Studio is to only perform a Build after you start creating a Solution and avoid using Rebuild All.